… by critically evaluating the studies on the origin and fate of VSMCs in atherosclerosis and …
Stimulation of VSMCs in vitro with cholesterol similarly induces expression of macrophage-…

… cholesterol (ESC) to macrophages and smooth muscle cells that convert it into free … can
impact foam cell and cholesterol crystal (CC) formation. Cholesterol crystals initiate inflammation …

… they allow us to study both VSMC origin and fate, including the … our understanding of their
role in atherosclerosis (Figure 2). … -like cell is likely driven by lipid accumulation, as cholesterol …

… of the formation and appearance of cholesterol crystals from the very genesis to advanced
… In addition, another important cell type in plaque formation, vascular smooth muscle cells, …

… -cause mortality and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Calcification has been determined to
be an active process driven in part by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transdifferentiation …

… crystallized cholesterol in mouse atherosclerotic plaque 13 . … To test whether other cell types
of human origin are capable … (E) followed by alternating layers of smooth muscle cells (SMC)/…

… inflammation and oxidative stress and promote cholesterol efflux to reduce lesion formation.
… and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells produce the extracellular …

… and from the resident smooth muscular cells migrating to the … particles and cholesterol
crystals in the affected cells, as … the proportion of foam cells of VSMC origin is higher than 50…

… ApoeÀ/À mice contain immature synthetic smooth muscle cells (s-SMCs) that express NG2
[40… Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein attenuates cholesterol crystal-induced inflammatory …

… heterogeneity of inflammatory and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions, roles for
… potential applications in atherosclerosis such as reduction of cholesterol levels. The most …